WHAT IS STRESS?
WHAT IS ANXIETY?
In 2023, research examining the mental health of Hong Kong undergraduate students revealed that 29% of respondents reported severe or extremely severe levels of anxiety. However, what exactly is anxiety, and is stress related to it?
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Stress is how we perceive events that cause us harm or loss. Acute stress is short-term—for example, being late for work—while chronic stress is long-term and can negatively influence physical and mental health. Problems in our lives can cause chronic stress and can increase our risk of developing an anxiety disorder.
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Anxiety is a mental state that is characterised by uneasiness. While occasional anxiety is common in everyday life, constant and excessive worrying that interferes with accomplishing daily activities may indicate a generalised anxiety disorder.
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Research has found a strong positive relationship between stress and anxiety. In other words, higher levels of stress often lead to increased anxiety. Undergraduate students experience a lot of problems in their lives, which can lead to them having levels of stress and anxiety as high as those people with clinical depression.
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Stress and anxiety are similar with similar symptoms, which make it challenging to understand which one we might be experiencing at any time.
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So, how can you tell if you're experiencing stress or anxiety? Well, stress often arises from short—or long-term external problems like university deadlines or chronic illnesses. In contrast, anxiety can occur even in the absence of problems. So, if a specific life event is causing you distress, you're likely experiencing stress.
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By recognising the sources and symptoms of anxiety and stress, you can take proactive measures to address these challenges. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or have any questions, seek support by engaging with the resources displayed. Remember, you are not alone.
References:
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American Psychological Association. (2022). What’s The Difference Between Stress and Anxiety? https://www.apa.org/topics/stress/anxiety-difference
Konstantopoulou, G., Iliou, T., Karaivazoglou, K., Iconomou, G., Assimakopoulos, K., & Alexopoulos, P. (2020). Associations between (sub) clinical stress- and anxiety symptoms in mentally healthy individuals and in major depression: a cross-sectional clinical study. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02836-1
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and Coping. Springer Publishing Company.
National Institute of Mental Health. (2024). Anxiety Disorders. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders#:~:text=Occasional%20anxiety%20is%20a%20normal
Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2008). Stress and health: Psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 607–628. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141
Stephenson, M. D., Schram, B., Canetti, E. F. D., & Orr, R. (2022). Effects of Acute Stress on Psychophysiology in Armed Tactical Occupations: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031802
Zayts-Spence, O., Edmonds, D.M., Fortune, Z., Chan, C., Fung, J., Hafner, C., Ho, J., Lee, C., Luk, P., Thiang, O., Wong, P. W. C., Chan, A., & Chou, S.G. (2023). Pandemic Transitions: Graduating from University into the Workforce in Hong Kong during COVID-19. In Hong Kong Student Services Association. HKU Research and Impact Initiative on Communication in Healthcare. https://www.hkssa.org.hk/_files/ugd/905996_55402e4ffa704d698d5d1a849be91a63.pdf